El Iaijutsu (居合術) is a Japanese fencing discipline dedicated to the use of the sword through rapid drawing techniques, precise cutting and controlled sheathing. Appreciated for its elegance and precision, iaijutsu is one of the most refined traditional samurai arts and demands both physical skill and deep mental concentration. Emerging during the Japanese feudal period, iaijutsu seeks to develop in the practitioner an immediate and effective response in combat situations, in addition to instilling the values ​​of self-control and respect characteristic of Japanese budo.

In this article, we explore in depth the origins of iaijutsu, its fundamental principles, key techniques, and the positive impact its practice offers on the lives of practitioners. In addition, we share a list of the most renowned schools that have contributed to the evolution of this unique martial art.

Iaijutsu originated in the Muromachi period (1336–1573), when samurai needed a skill that would allow them to respond to surprise attacks while their sword was still in its sheath. The art was designed to allow the warrior to react quickly in unexpected situations, delivering a lethal cut the moment the sword was drawn. This technique made it possible to engage opponents without wasting time on unnecessary defensive movements.

Over time, iaijutsu became a fundamental discipline in the training of samurai, and different clans and schools (koryu) perfected their own versions and adaptations. This technical development was accompanied by a strong emphasis on the principles of bushidō, the samurai code of ethics, which promoted self-control, discipline and respect for both the opponent and the art itself.

Traditional schools such as Muso Jikiden Eishin-ryu and Hoki-ryu They were the pioneers in the teaching of iaijutsu, preserving the fundamental principles and ancient techniques that differentiate this discipline from other sword arts. Each school retained its own structure of katas and combat philosophies, transmitting the essence of iaijutsu and adapting it for future generations. Iaijutsu evolved to become not only a combat technique, but a path of spiritual and mental growth that survived the decline of the samurai as a class.

Iaijutsu is based on the principle of zanshin, which involves full and continuous attention to every movement and circumstance in combat. This state of alertness allows the practitioner to react quickly and accurately at the precise moment. Maintaining zanshin means that the warrior is ready not only for the initial attack, but also for any possible response or change in the situation, always remaining in a stable and alert posture.

El nukitsuke is the initial drawing and cutting technique, which must be fast and precise. This cut represents the practitioner's first act of defense and attack, taking advantage of the momentum to make a devastating cut. Subsequently, the kiritsuke It is executed as a follow-up cut, using the full extent of the sword to ensure control of the situation. The combination of these two techniques is essential in iaijutsu, and practitioners train repeatedly to master the transition from one movement to the next with speed and accuracy.

El known, or sheathing of the sword, is the final act in iaijutsu and symbolizes the conclusion of the movement in a controlled and respectful manner. This process requires complete concentration to avoid any damage to both the sword and the practitioner. In addition, the noto is a meditative moment in which calm is restored and the flow of energy is closed, teaching the practitioner to return to a state of peace and balance after conflict.

Kata are sequences of movements that simulate specific combat situations and form the backbone of iaijutsu training. These kata allow students to hone each technique in a structured combat context, developing precise muscle memory and a fluid connection between body and mind. From kata that simulate surprise attacks to multiple confrontations, each movement is executed with clear and controlled intent, improving the practitioner's focus and coordination.

Correct posture and body control are essential in iaijutsu. Through a balanced stance, or kamae, the practitioner achieves stability and swiftness in his or her movements. Precision in posture is not only aesthetic, but provides the foundation from which the student executes safe and effective techniques. This balance and control strengthens physical awareness and alignment, contributing to improved technical skill and mental focus.

• Muso Jikiden Eishin-ryu: One of the oldest and most respected schools, founded in the 16th century by Hayashizaki Jinsuke. Muso Jikiden Eishin-ryu has profoundly influenced the development of iaijutsu, preserving traditional techniques and teaching a fluid transition in cuts.
• Hoki-ryuFounded by Katayama Hoki no Kami Fujiwara Hisayasu, this school is known for its focus on defense and drawing techniques from a variety of positions.
• Tamiya ryu: Created by Tamiya Heibei Narimasa, this school is distinguished by its focus on stylized movements and katas that develop speed and precision in drawing swords.
• Shinden Fudo-ryu: A school that combines iaijutsu with kenjutsu techniques, emphasizing adaptability and versatility in combat.
• Yagyu Shinkage-ryu: One of the most renowned kenjutsu schools, which also includes iaijutsu techniques, teaching the importance of timing and strategy.
• Kashima Shin-ryu: Traditional school that includes iaijutsu and kenjutsu techniques, focusing on the integration of body and mind in combat.

Iaijutsu improves physical coordination and agility, requiring controlled and precise movements. The constant practice of drawing and sheathing strengthens the connection between mind and body, providing coordination benefits and improving reaction capacity.

The consistent practice of iaijutsu improves concentration and mental focus. In each kata, the practitioner focuses on the details of movement, developing a clarity that extends to everyday life and improves his or her ability to make decisions and manage stress.

Iaijutsu encourages self-control, as each movement must be performed precisely and carefully. Practitioners learn to control their emotions and be patient in their progress, cultivating a mindset of persistence and calm that serves them well both in training and in their daily lives.

Today, iaijutsu is practiced by people all over the world who seek not only to improve their martial skills, but also to achieve personal and spiritual growth. By learning iaijutsu, practitioners connect with the legacy of the samurai warriors, keeping alive an ancient tradition that goes beyond technique to become a philosophy of life.

For those seeking a discipline that combines physical development with mental and spiritual deepening, iaijutsu offers a path full of learning, patience and self-discovery.