Tessenjutsu 鉄扇術: The martial art of the steel fan

El Tessenjutsu (鉄扇術), or "iron fan techniques", represents one of the most unique and refined disciplines of Japanese martial arts. This art combines the use of an everyday accessory, the fan, with the ability to be a discreet and lethal weapon. During feudal Japan, it was commonly practiced by samurai and noblewomen as a tool of self-defense, especially in environments where carrying conventional weapons was prohibited.

The tessen was not only notable for its functionality in combat, but also for being a symbol of elegance and strategic cunning. This weapon represented the warriors' ability to adapt any tool to the needs of the battlefield or self-defense.

Tessenjutsu was born in the Sengoku period (1467-1615), when internal conflict and constant rivalries between clans forced warriors to seek innovative methods of defense. During this time, restrictions on the use of weapons in certain areas, such as castles or diplomatic meetings, led to the development of hidden weapons such as the tessen.

Iron fans were not only weapons, but also symbolic tools of diplomacy. The tessen could be disguised as a common accessory, making it an ideal tool for delicate situations.

Beyond combat, the tessen was a symbol of sophistication and social status. Used in ceremonies and formal occasions, it also served as a means of communication, allowing coded messages to be transmitted through movement. This duality between utility and aesthetics cemented its cultural importance.

The design of the Tessen is a perfect example of the combination of form and function. Although it visually resembles a conventional fan, its components make it an effective concealed weapon.

1. Ribs (骨 - hone): The internal ribs of the fan, made of iron or steel, add weight and strength.
2. Kawahari (皮貼り): The fan's cover, usually made of silk or reinforced paper, hides its true purpose as a weapon.
3. Kaname (要): The central pin that allows the fan to be folded and unfolded, crucial to its functionality.
4. Tessen-e (鉄扇柄): The handle of the fan, designed for a firm grip and precise maneuvers.
5. Reinforced tips: Some versions included sharp tips, increasing their lethality in combat.

The versatility of the tessen lay in its ability to be both a lethal weapon and a stylish accessory.

Tessenjutsu offers a wide range of techniques designed for different combat contexts. These include:

• Blockages and deviations: Using the tessen to deflect attacks from short weapons or even long swords.
• Hard blows: Using the weight of the fan to attack vulnerable points such as the head, wrists or ribs.
• Tactical distractions: Quick movements to confuse the opponent and create an opening to attack.
• Disarms: Engaging enemy weapons to neutralize them.
• Launching: In the hands of an expert, the tessen could be thrown as an effective projectile.

In close combat, the Tessen offered significant advantages in being easy to handle in confined spaces. It was also used in infiltration situations, where it was necessary to maintain a low profile. The ability to adapt to different situations made Tessenjutsu an indispensable discipline for samurai.

Although not as well known as other disciplines, Tessenjutsu has been preserved by several traditional schools, many of which integrate it as part of their weapons repertoire.

1. Tenshin Shōden Katori Shintō-ryū
   Recognized as one of the oldest schools in Japan, it teaches Tessenjutsu along with other traditional weapons such as the katana and naginata.

2. Yagyū Shinkage-ryū
   Known for her focus on defense, she uses tessen to neutralize sword attacks through precise and fluid techniques.

3. Katori-ryu
   It focuses on the use of tessen in diplomatic contexts and self-defense combats.

4. Hyoho Niten Ichi-ryu
   Founded by Miyamoto Musashi, this school adapts the principles of double sword combat to the handling of tessen.

5. Shinkendo
   A modern discipline that integrates Tessenjutsu into its repertoire as a self-defense tool.

Contemporary schools such as Bujinkan, Genbukan y Jinenkan They have brought Tessenjutsu to a new audience, preserving tradition while adapting it to practical applications in the modern world. The study of Tessenjutsu combines respect for the past with innovation in the present.

Tessenjutsu is much more than a martial art; it is a symbol of the creativity and adaptability of Japanese culture. The iron fan is a manifestation of how aesthetics and functionality can coexist in perfect harmony.

Today, Tessenjutsu lives on in traditional martial arts schools and is admired by collectors, historians and samurai culture enthusiasts. Its legacy has also inspired numerous depictions in literature, film and contemporary art, perpetuating its relevance in global culture.